論文名稱(英)：Interrelationship of environmental melamine exposure, biomarkers of oxidative stress and early kidney injury

論文名稱(中)：環境三聚氰胺暴露、氧化壓力指標、與早期腎傷害之相互關聯性

作者群：Liu CC (劉家駒), Hsieh TJ (謝翠娟), Wu CF (吳佳芳), Lee CH (李建宏), Tsai YC (蔡宜純), Huang TY, Wen SC, Lee CH, Chien TM, Lee YC, Huang SP, Li CC, Chou YH, Wu WJ, Wu MT* (吳明蒼)

期刊名稱：J Hazard Mater

IF=9.038, Ranking: 8/265=3.02%, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

DOI：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122726

英文摘要：

Melamine contamination has remained pervasive in the environment even after the 2008 toxic milk scandal. Exposure to chronic low dosages of melamine is known to induce renal tubular damage, increasing the risk of stone formation and early kidney injury. This damage may come about via increased oxidative stress, but no studies of this possibility have been performed in humans. We conducted two human studies in 80 workers from melamine tableware factories (melamine workers) and 309 adult patients with calcium urolithiasis (stone patients) to evaluate the relationships between urinary melamine levels and two urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Both human studies showed urinary melamine levels to be significantly and positively correlated with urinary 8-OHdG and MDA, indicating melamine exposure can increase oxidative stress. Additionally, we used structure equation modeling to evaluate relative contribution of type of melamine-induced oxidative stress on renal tubular injury and found that MDA mediated 36 %–53 % of the total effect of melamine on a biomarker of renal tubular injury, N-Acetyl-β-d Glucosaminidase (NAG). In conclusion, our findings suggest exposure to low-dose melamine can increase oxidative stress and increase the risk of early damage to kidneys in humans.

中文摘要：

在2008年毒奶粉事件後，三聚氰胺汙染依然廣泛存在於我們環境中。長時間暴露於低劑量三聚氰胺可能引發腎小管傷害，進而增加尿路結石生成與早期腎傷害的風險。然而這樣的傷害是否是透過人體內增加氧化壓力所引起，目前仍然未知。因此，我們進行兩個人類研究，包括80位在美耐皿工廠工作的工人(美耐皿工人)與309位含鈣尿路結石的成年病人(結石病人)，來探討尿液中三聚氰胺濃度分別與尿液中兩個氧化壓力指標:丙二醛(MDA)與8-羥基去氧鳥苷(8-OHdG)間的關聯性。在這兩個人類研究，我們都證實尿液中三聚氰胺濃度，分別與尿液中氧化壓力指標:丙二醛與8-羥基去氧鳥苷，均呈現顯著正相關。該結果意謂三聚氰胺暴露在人體內可以增加氧化壓力。此外，我們利用結構方程模型，來探討三聚氰胺所引發的氧化傷害在腎小管傷害中所貢獻的程度，發現透過丙二醛路徑可貢獻36%-53%整體三聚氰胺對腎小管傷害指標:N-乙醯胺基葡萄糖甘酶(NAG)的影響。總結，我們的研究結果支持環境中低劑量三聚氰胺暴露，在人類會增加氧化壓力，進而可引發早期腎傷害。